
Legal requirements for timber packaging
Timber packaging regulations, particularly the ISPM 15 standard, are crucial for preventing the introduction and spread of invasive pests and diseases that threaten ecosystems, agriculture, and economies worldwide.
Timber packaging regulations govern any wood packaging materials (pallets, crates, cases, etc.) that use material greater than 6mm thick. Any timber packaging meeting these criteria must be heat-treated or fumigated to kill pests, then marked with an official ISPM 15 stamp. Export packaging that does not meet these requirements may be rejected and/or destroyed, resulting in significant financial loss to businesses that do not comply.
GWP, along with our parent company, Macfarlane Group, can supply wooden crates, pallets, and packaging that meet all relevant legal requirements.

Table of contents
The following regulations apply to timber packaging in the UK. Please note this list is not exhaustive, and is subject to change as regulations are updated, introduced or replaced. Not all regulations apply to all forms of timber packaging.
- Plant Health (Phytosanitary Conditions) Regulations 2020
- UK Forestry Commission – ISPM 15 Guidance
- Packaging (Essential Requirements) Regulations 2015
- ISPM 15 – International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No 15
- EU Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 on Plant Health
- USDA APHSI WPM Regulations
- BS EN ISO 445 – Pallets for Materials Handling
- ISO 6780 – Flat Pallets for Intercontinental Materials Handling
- ASTM D6251 – Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Shipping Boxes
Plant Health (Phytosanitary Conditions) (Amendment) Regulations 2020
This regulation implements phytosanitary rules post-Brexit in line with ISPM 15. All solid wood packaging material (WPM) used for export from GB to the EU and most third countries must be:
- Heat-treated or fumigated
- Marked with the ISPM 15
It applies to:
- Pallets, crates, boxes
- Dunnage and blocking timber
- Non-compliance can result in border rejection
GWP Group statement
All timber that GWP Group uses in the packaging/products we manufacture complies with ISPM 15 requirements. This includes relevant markings (i.e. ISPM 15 stamp).
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UK Forestry Commission - ISPM 15 Guidance
The national authority overseeing wood packaging compliance in the UK providing certification and inspection services for ISPM 15 marking of packaging.
Timber packaging manufacturers must be part of an approved scheme.
GWP Group statement
Macfarlane Group, of which GWP are a part, has relevant certification from the UK Forestry Commission regarding ISPM 15 marking compliance. Find out more and download relevant documents at macfarlanemanufacturing.com
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Packaging (Essential Requirements) Regulations 2015
The UK law that applies to all packaging, including timber packaging, states that:
- Packaging must be minimised, recyclable, and free from heavy metals.
- Encourages eco-friendly design principles in all packaging.
- Applies to both retail and transit packaging.
GWP Group statement
GWP Group has a team of expert packaging designers, including at the nearby Macfarlane Packaging Manufacture & Design site at Westbury, that work towards reducing material use, weight and volume by default. Packaging we manufacture is typically reusable and/or recyclable, and does not utilise any toxic materials.
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ISPM 15 - International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No 15
The global standard from the IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention) states that solid wood components >6mm must be HT (Heat Treated) or MB (Methyl Bromide Treated). They must be stamped with the IPPC mark, which includes:
- Country code
- Producer/treatment code
- Treatment type (HT or MB)
- Debarked wood only
It applies to over 180 countries including:
- EU
- USA
- Canada
- China
- Australia
- New Zealand
GWP Group statement
All timber packaging that GWP supplies (including that manufactured at Macfarlane Packaging sites) complies with the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No 15 (ISPM 15).
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EU Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 on Plant Health
This standard governs plant and wood material imports into the EU. Post-Brexit, UK exporters to the EU must comply with ISPM 15 and EU authorities inspect WPM for marks and treatment compliance.
GWP Group statement
All timber packaging that GWP supplies (including that manufactured at Macfarlane Packaging sites) complies with the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No 15 (ISPM 15).
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USDA APHIS WPM Regulations
The US Department of Agriculture enforces ISPM 15 under APHIS. All imports into the United States using solid wood packaging must:
- Be ISPM 15 compliant.
- Be free from pests and bark.
- Non-compliant goods may be refused entry or destroyed.
GWP Group statement
All timber packaging that GWP supplies (including that manufactured at Macfarlane Packaging sites) complies with the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No 15 (ISPM 15). As such, GWP Group can support any customers exporting the US.
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BS EN ISO 445 - Pallets for Materials Handling
This standard defines pallet types, configurations, and terminology. It ensures consistent packaging language in logistics, labelling, and compliance.
GWP Group statement
GWP Group is able to supply pallets and similar products that adhere to the British Standards BS EN ISO 445 – Pallets for Materials Handling requirements. Please note that the majority of pallets GWP and Macfarlane Group supply are non standard sizes. Standard terminology, labelling and similar requirements are adhered to.
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ISO 6780 - Flat Pallets for Intercontinental Materials Handling
This standard specifies standard dimensions for pallets:
- It encourages use of standard 1200x1000mm (UK) or 1200c800mm (EU) pallets.
- It helps reduce border issues due to non-conforming pallet sizes.
GWP Group statement
GWP Group can supply standard sized pallets. However, many customer applications require custom pallet sizes, which GWP Group can manufacture as required.
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ASTM D6251 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Shipping Boxes
A US-focused specification for wooden export crates used for fragile, heavy, or military equipment. It details strength requirements and handling specifications.
GWP Group statement
GWP Group can typically assist with export packaging shipping into the US. However, please discuss your specific requirements with a member of our team.
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Disclaimer
The information provided on this page is intended as a guide only. GWP can accept no responsibility or liability for loss, damage or any other consequence of reliance on this information, howsoever caused. As all applications and scenarios vary, it is your responsibility or the responsibility of your business to ensure that any products or items you manufacture and/or distribute comply the regulations applicable to your specific circumstances. If in any doubt, please check with the appropriate regulatory body.